Exosomes have been discovered for nearly 40 years. With the concept of "precision exosomes" proposed in 2015, exosomes have gradually become a research hotspot in disease diagnosis and precision therapy, showing great application prospects.
One, outside the secrete body outside the industry development | secrete body based in the process of the industrialization of research and exploration of some representative events and important point in time
① In 1985, Johnstone's team first identified a small vesicle with membrane structure in the supernatant of sheep erythrocytes cultured in vitro, and named it Exosome in the 1987 paper. Initially exosomes were thought to be only metabolic waste products of cells.
② In 1996, Raposo found that exosomes similar to B lymphocytes can secrete antigen-presenting ability, which can carry MHC-Ⅱ molecules, costimulatory molecules and adhesion molecules.
③ In 1999, Thery et al. found that dendritic cells could also produce exosomes with antigen-presenting ability.
④ In 2007, Valadi et al. found that cells can exchange genetic material through RNA in exosomes, which means that cells can influence another cell through exosomes.
⑤ In 2013, Rothman, Schekman and Sudhof were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their contributions to the regulation of vesicle transport. Exosomes are beginning to attract greater attention in academia.
(6) In 2015, researchers from M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in the United States found that the GPC1 content of serum exosomes in patients with early pancreatic cancer was significantly higher than that in the normal population.
⑦ In 2015, the concept of "precise exosomes" was put forward, and basic research in the field of disease diagnosis and precise therapy exploded. A number of emerging biotechnology companies focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of exosomes were established successively.
In 2016, Exosome Diagnostics launched the world's first exosome cancer diagnostic product to detect genetic mutations in non-small cell lung cancer.
⑨ In 2017, Kamerkar et al. used exosomes as carriers to deliver RNAi nucleic acid interference drugs for targeted treatment of pancreatic cancer.
⑩ In 2020, Codiak, an American biotechnology company, launched two new drugs in phase I clinical trials using exosomes as drug delivery carriers. Codiak was successfully listed on the NASDAQ stock market.
